基于Factsage的金属硫化矿尘爆炸过程产物分析*

为研究金属硫化矿尘爆炸的过程与产物，预防与控制其粉尘发生爆炸，在20 L爆炸球中开展金属硫化矿尘爆炸试验，发现存在磁黄铁矿含量越高爆炸产物颜色越红的现象。为揭示这一现象的本质，应用XRD对爆炸产物进行分析，基于Factsage软件模拟计算黄铁矿矿尘与磁黄铁矿矿尘爆炸过程。结果表明:产物中含有的Fe2O3是主要致色原因；最终产物除固体Fe2O3外还存在气体SO2，SO3，反应中间过程主要固体产物为Fe2(SO4)3；在磁黄铁矿与黄铁矿含硫量相同或质量相同时，Fe2O3的生成量磁黄铁矿较黄铁矿多，且磁黄铁矿含硫量越多Fe2O3生成量越多，模拟计算结果与试验现象一致，研究结果可为分析金属硫化矿尘爆炸过程提供理论与数据支撑。     

基于无线通讯技术的起重机抬吊同步控制系统改进

本文介绍了基于无线工业以太网通讯的可编程同步检测系统结构和设计方法、同步功能的检测原理及实现方法、调试和操作方法。通过在控制系统中加入信号反馈,将两台起重机的控制执行器信号和末端机械传动的差异值进行反馈跟踪,组成具有反馈功能的抬吊控制系统,在监測到执行器异步或末端传动异步现象时及时控制两车同步停止,从而避免吊物坠落等吊运事故的发生。     

Conservation Businesses and Conservation Planning in a Biological Diversity Hotspot

The allocation of land to biological diversity conservation competes with other land uses and the needs of society for development, food, and extraction of natural resources. Trade‐offs between biological diversity conservation and alternative land uses are unavoidable, given the realities of limited conservation resources and the competing demands of society. We developed a conservation‐planning assessment for the South African province of KwaZulu‐Natal, which forms the central component of the Maputaland–Pondoland–Albany biological diversity hotspot. Our objective was to enhance biological diversity protection while promoting sustainable development and providing spatial guidance in the resolution of potential policy conflicts over priority areas for conservation at risk of transformation. The conservation‐planning assessment combined spatial‐distribution models for 646 conservation features, spatial economic‐return models for 28 alternative land uses, and spatial maps for 4 threats. Nature‐based tourism businesses were competitive with other land uses and could provide revenues of >US$60 million/year to local stakeholders and simultaneously help meeting conservation goals for almost half the conservation features in the planning region. Accounting for opportunity costs substantially decreased conflicts between biological diversity, agricultural use, commercial forestry, and mining. Accounting for economic benefits arising from conservation and reducing potential policy conflicts with alternative plans for development can provide opportunities for successful strategies that combine conservation and sustainable development and facilitate conservation action. Negocios de Conservación y Planificación de la Conservación en un Sitio de Importancia para la Biodiversidad     

Use of Inverse Spatial Conservation Prioritization to Avoid Biological Diversity Loss Outside Protected Areas

Globally expanding human land use sets constantly increasing pressure for maintenance of biological diversity and functioning ecosystems. To fight the decline of biological diversity, conservation science has broken ground with methods such as the operational model of systematic conservation planning (SCP), which focuses on design and on‐the‐ground implementation of conservation areas. The most commonly used method in SCP is reserve selection that focuses on the spatial design of reserve networks and their expansion. We expanded these methods by introducing another form of spatial allocation of conservation effort relevant for land‐use zoning at the landscape scale that avoids negative ecological effects of human land use outside protected areas. We call our method inverse spatial conservation prioritization. It can be used to identify areas suitable for economic development while simultaneously limiting total ecological and environmental effects of that development at the landscape level by identifying areas with highest economic but lowest ecological value. Our method is not based on a priori targets, and as such it is applicable to cases where the effects of land use on, for example, individual species or ecosystem types are relatively small and would not lead to violation of regional or national conservation targets. We applied our method to land‐use allocation to peat mining. Our method identified a combination of profitable production areas that provides the needed area for peat production while retaining most of the landscape‐level ecological value of the ecosystem. The results of this inverse spatial conservation prioritization are being used in land‐use zoning in the province of Central Finland.     

在役长输管道动态数据源组件(ADO)技术在剩余强度安全评定系统中的实现

采用Borland C++builder6.0开发工具,以英国标准BS7910剩余强度评价规范为蓝本,并结合实际应用特点,提出动态数据源组件(ADO)技术在该案例的应用,开发适用于以平面型缺陷为主的剩余强度安全评价系统。解决在役长输管道剩余强度安全评定系统中复杂数据的科学转换,实现软件接口的高效、通用性数据访问。根据评定结果与实际实验数据对比表明,该应用与实际误差达到工程检测设计标准。     

基于JAVA技术的易燃易爆毒性云团扩散软件的开发与应用

针对易燃易爆及有毒有害物质在生产、储存和运输过程中经常发生泄漏事故所造成的严重后果,进行该类事故的模拟和仿真研究;通过对几种气云扩散数学模型进行分析,利用JAVA技术开发出高斯模型、BOX模型、LTA-HGDM模型扩散模拟软件,该软件具有良好的环境兼容性,通过输入相应的参数即可方便快速地进行后果模拟;通过实例进行软件应用,其结果可以为政府规划和为企业事故发生后采取相应的应急措施提供依据。     

软土地区风井风口施工对下部既有越江隧道影响的数值分析

上海在区间隧道上方建造风井在国内尚属首例。随着人们绿色环保意识的增强,隧道通风井将会越来越多地修建在远离都市核心区的区间隧道的上方,因而研究风口基坑施工引起区间隧道位移的变化将会是岩土工程领域的又一崭新问题。本文结合上海人民路隧道风井风口基坑工程,针对是否降低承压水水位2种工况,采用M IDA S-GTS软件,对既有盾构隧道隆起进行数值模拟,从理论上量化在这2种工况下隧道的变形程度,探讨该方法的可行性,为最终选择何种工况施工提供了理论指导。实际的监测数据验证了本文方法的可行性,为今后的相关工程建设提供了一个成功范例。     

大型河谷场地地震动特性研究

采用有限差分方法,通过算例研究了大型河谷场地地震动特性分析中的人工边界的选取方法,对比分析了不同人工边界的选取对数值模拟结果的影响,确定了散射场地震反应分析输入边界的地震动输入方法,认为在进行有限差分动力计算时,模型两侧施加自由场边界的模拟效果要优于两侧施加粘性边界的模拟效果;同时,对FLAC计算软件进行二次开发,对2个地形差异较大的河谷场地,采用线性和非线性摩尔-库仑模型进行了地震反应对比分析,研究了河谷场地地震动幅值和频谱特性随地形变化的规律。模拟数据表明,河谷场地谷底处地震动基本无放大作用,地势凸起处放大作用则较为明显;当考虑土体非线性时,随着地震动强度的增加,放大作用逐渐减小;谱分析结果表明,地势凸起处受高频地震动的影响显著,而地势平坦的谷底则受低频地震动的影响显著。     

基于大涡模拟的旋风分离器内流场数值模拟研究

为了研究旋风分离器内流场的运动状况，借助Fluent软件，采用大涡模拟，基于曲线坐标系的SIMPLEC算法，对切向入口的Stairmand旋风分离器内流场进行了三维数值模拟研究。数值结果表明，大涡模拟适合于三维强旋流的流场模拟，分离器内部的流动空间可分为内、外2个流动区域，在不同的流动区域中，气体压力、速度场的分布有较大的差异。而且压力分布与速度分布不是绝对的轴对称分布。数值模拟结果对其设计优化研究有一定的应用价值。